1.Political Trend in 80s
Politic changes through 1980s
・The collapse of communist countries
・The end of bipolar world
→Studies of the relationship between environment and democracy
lost decade (1980s) for the developing countries
Africa(UNHCR, 2000), the Caribbean, Latin America, South and west Asia
* terms of trade:
the ratio of an index of a country’s export prices to an index of its import prices
Environmental problems in developing countries
Increasing population and the concentration in the city
Air and water pollution
Deforestation, desertification
Want of physical infrastructure
The cycle of poverty
2.New issues and new accidents in the 1980s
1984 ・About 1 million people death by starvation in Ethiopia.
1985 ・The ozone depletion were firstly reproted.
・Accidental gas spillage in Bhopal,India.
1986 ・Chernobyl nuclear power plant exploded.
1989 ・Oil spillage from the Exxon Valdez supertanker.
・Accidental gas spillage in Bhopal,India.
Outline
Date:1984/12/2 late at night
Place of the accident: Union Carbide* chemical plant in Bhopal
(* The U.S. multinational company)
Main contents of the gas: Methyl Isocyanate** (CH3NCO)
(** Basic ingredient of agrichemical)
Dead: est.8,000 ( in two day’s time)
Sufferer:est.50,000
We can’t get exact number of victims. Why?
Most victims were Poor people. → No registeration(戸籍).
Whole family were dead. → No one could prove their death.
Government of India minimized number of death. → To reduce compensation.
Thomas A. Edison is supposed to have parried the question of a skeptic who wanted to know what one of his fledgling inventions was good for by asking “What good is a baby?”
**
is supposed to 〜 でshouldと同様の「~した方が良い、~すべき」というmodalityの意味となる。have parried のparriedは過去分詞系で、haveに続くことによって述語動詞の役割で後に続くthe questionを目的語とした、過去完了の「受け流した」の意味を表す。また、of a skepticで同目的語をthe question を修飾限定し、Who~(主格の関係代名詞)以降でa skeptic を連体修飾している。what 〜(名詞節を作る関係代名詞) は前置詞 for の目的格となる。"What good is a baby?"部分は、疑問文の直接引用でasking の目的語に値する。ちなみに、このgoodは形容詞ではなく、名詞のgoodであり、isはその補語である。