資料紹介
メディアの授業の論文です。時代背景や情勢がどのように、映画など世間で公開される作品に反映されているかについて論じています。留学生と一緒に受ける授業なので、拙いですが、英語で書いています。ここは理解しにくい（理論的でない）、または英語下手すぎｗと思う方はどんどん意見下さい。その意見で上達したいと思ってます！
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資料の原本内容
Shizuka Tanaka
Japan in Western Film and Literature
Mr. Hollstein
Final essay
‘The destruction of family/community in Japanese American Internment’
Introduction
Following the Pearl Harbor attacked by Japanese, President Franklin D. Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066 on the February 19, 1942, which permitted military to isolate civilians in any areas without trial or questioning. As a result, civilians of Japanese ancestry (Nikkei) are excluded from West Coast where they lived, incarcerated, forced to evacuate their homes and leave their jobs, then were sent to the concentration camps surrounded wires and armed guards, being isolated from people anywhere except their same ancestry, Japanese. (Satsuki Ina, The Children of the Camps Project, PBS, 1999. Online. May.14.2010) This event led confusion / fear into Japanese family and community, but they tried to get together tightly by organising schools, sports programs, and talent shows etc. (Tunnell Michael .O and Chilcoat George .W, ‘The children of TOPAZ: The Story of a Japanese-American Internment Camp’ New York: Holiday House, 1996, print) However, family/community relationship became strained by many confronted problems.
Emiko Omori is a Nisei (who is born in the United States of America and a child of issei who is first generation of Japanese immigration and originally Japanese citizenship) and she distributes a documentary film of Japanese-American Internment Camp titled ‘Rabbit in the Moon’, showing hardship of camps, and various problems general Nikkei people confront. Family is one of the themes of this film because that her own family and other general family face some troubles are shown in this film. This time, two main problems shown in the film that trigger to break down families in the Japanese-American Internment camp are discussed in this essay; the shift of leadership and Loyalty Questionnaire towards Issei and Nisei
The Shift of Leadership
The shift of leadership caused the destruction of a community in Japanese-American Internment Camp. Before the shift, the leadership was in the hand of the first generation immigrants Issei parents, therefore, they control the family and community. However the community enjoyed their life with Issei leaders until Issei lost their power and authority by losing their jobs, or being arrested and instead Nisei came to get leadership because of and the introduction of JACL (Japanese American Citizen League).
According to One online website ‘Nikkei America jin’, after Alien Land Law was issued in 1913 that prohibited Japanese people to buy any lands in America, and bothered their farming, many Issei people decided to move to the west coast where there are many Japan towns, and created new communities. At those places, they started new jobs by themselves such as restaurant, public bath, school of Japanese language, temples, churches, hotels for white people etc. Issei people even continued farming, running a stock farm and planting trees, managing to avoid the Alien Land Law. Doing all by themselves actually led a notable success, and eventually brought the stable economy among Issei people and their family. Their children Nisei had to depend on Issei’s own business and proper because ‘they were young, economically dependent, and lacked political consciousness and experience.’(P.93, Takahashi, Jere. Nisei/Sansei: Shifting Japanese American Identities and Politics. Place of Publication: Temple University Press, 1998. print) Therefore, for several decades, Issei had a leadership in their family and a stable life of family before the Japanese-American Internment. Emiko Omori described her father’s personality by saying, ‘the father who raised her (Emiko’s 10 years older sister, Chizuko) was vital with hope and dreams’.
However, after attacking on the Pearl Harbor on December 7th 1941, American government suspected Nikkei people to spy out America. Many Issei began to be arrested by the Federal Bureau of Investigation because...
